concentration n
1. the strength of a solution; number of molecules of a substance in a given volume (expressed as moles/cubic meter)
2. the spatial property of being crowded together [syn: density, denseness, compactness] [ant: distribution]
3. strengthening the concentration (as of a solute in a mixture) by removing extraneous material [ant: dilution]
4. increase in density
5. complete attention; intense mental effort [syn: engrossment, absorption, immersion]
6. bringing together military forces
7. great and constant diligence and attention [syn: assiduity, assiduousness]

Dephlegmation \De`phleg*ma"tion\, n. [Cf. F. d['e]flegmation.] (Chem.) The operation of separating water from spirits and acids, by evaporation or repeated distillation; -- called also concentration, especially when acids are the subject of it. [Obs.]

Concentration \Con`cen*tra"tion\, n. [Cf. F. concentration.]
1. The act or process of concentrating; the process of becoming concentrated, or the state of being concentrated; concentration. Concentration of the lunar beams. --Boyle. Intense concetration of thought. --Sir J. Herschel.
2. The act or process of reducing the volume of a liquid, as by evaporation. The acid acquires a higher degree of concentration. --Knight.
3. (Metal.) The act or process of removing the dress of ore and of reducing the valuable part to smaller compass, as by currents of air or water.

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In chemistry, concentration is the measure of how much of a given substance there is mixed with another substance. This can apply to any sort of chemical mixture, but most frequently the concept is limited to homogeneous solutions, where it refers to the amount of solute in the solvent.

To concentrate a solution, one must add more solute (e.g. alcohol), or reduce the amount of solvent (e.g. water). By contrast, to dilute a solution, one must add more solvent, or reduce the amount of solute.

Unless two substances are fully miscible there exists a concentration at which no further solute will dissolve in a solution. At this point, the solution is said to be saturated. If additional solute is added to a saturated solution, it will not dissolve (except in certain circumstances, when supersaturation may occur). Instead, phase separation will occur, leading to either coexisting phases or a suspension. The point of saturation depends on many variables such as ambient temperature and the precise chemical nature of the solvent and solute.

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