navigation n
1. the guidance of ships or airplanes from place to place [syn: pilotage, piloting]
2. ship traffic; "the channel will be open to navigation as soon as the ice melts"
3. the work of a sailor [syn: seafaring, sailing]

Navigation \Nav`i*ga"tion\, n. [L. navigatio: cf. F. navigation.]
1. The act of navigating; the act of passing on water in ships or other vessels; the state of being navigable. 2. (a) the science or art of conducting ships or vessels from one place to another, including, more especially, the method of determining a ship's position, course, distance passed over, etc., on the surface of the globe, by the principles of geometry and astronomy. (b) The management of sails, rudder, etc.; the mechanics of traveling by water; seamanship.
2. Ships in general. [Poetic] --Shak. A["e]rial navigation, the act or art of sailing or floating in the air, as by means of ballons; a["e]ronautic.

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Navigation is the process of monitoring and controlling the movement of a craft or vehicle from one place to another. More literally however, the word "Navi" in Sanskrit means 'boat' and "Gathi" means 'speed'. All navigational techniques involve locating the navigator's position compared to known locations or patterns.

In the European medieval period, navigation was considered part of the set of seven mechanical arts.

The latitude of a place on the Earth's surface is the angular distance north or south of the equator. Historically, mariners calculated latitude in the Northern Hemisphere by sighting the North Star Polaris with a sextant and sight reduction tables to take out error for height of eye and atmospheric refraction. Generally, the height of Polaris in degrees of arc above the horizon is the latitude of the observer.

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