agriculture n
1. a large-scale farming enterprise [syn: agribusiness, factory farm}]
2. the practice of cultivating the land or raising stock [syn: farming, husbandry]
3. the federal department that administers programs that provide services to farmers (including research and soil conservation and efforts to stabilize the farming economy); created in 1862 [syn: Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Department, USDA]
4. the class of people engaged in growing food

Agriculture \Ag"ri*cul`ture\ (?; 135), n. [L. agricultura; ager field + cultura cultivation: cf. F. agriculture. See Acre and Culture.] The art or science of cultivating the ground, including the harvesting of crops, and the rearing and management of live stock; tillage; husbandry; farming.

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Agriculture is the artificial cultivation and processing of animals, plants, fungi and other life forms for food, fibers and other byproducts.

The history of agriculture dates back thousands of years, and its development has been driven and defined by greatly different climates, cultures, and technologies. However, all farming generally relies on techniques to expand and maintain the lands suitable for raising domesticated species. For plants, this usually requires some form of irrigation, although there are methods of dryland farming; pastoral herding on rangeland is still the most common means of raising livestock. In the developed world, industrial agriculture based on large-scale monoculture has become the dominant system of modern farming, although there is growing support for sustainable agriculture (e.g. permaculture or organic agriculture).

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